Global environmental governance: the challenge of accountability

This repository item contains a single issue of Sustainable Development Insights, a series of short policy essays that began publishing in 2008 by the Boston University Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future. The series seeks to promote a broad interdisciplinary dialogue on how to accelerate sustainable development at all levels.This issue argues that accountability – or lack thereof- is a fundamental challenge in confronting improved global environmental governance (GEG) and that success must be measured not simply by the vitality of the negotiation process but by the robustness of implementation. States as well as institutions must be judged not by their statements of good intentions but by measurable implementation of their commitments and achievement of goals. The authors provide five reasons for GEG’s culture of unaccountability and seven related ideas for GEG reform

Linguistics

Contains research summary and abstracts for five theses

Beyond Rio+20: governance for a green economy

This repository item contains a single issue of the Pardee Center Task Force Reports, a publication series that began publishing in 2009 by the Boston University Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future.As an intellectual contribution to the preparations for the 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD, a.k.a. Rio +20), the Boston University Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future convened a task force of experts to discuss the role of institutions in the actualization of a green economy in the context of sustainable development. A stellar group of experts from academia, government and civil society convened at the Pardee Center and were asked to outline ideas about what the world has learned about institutions for sustainable development from the past, and what we can propose about the governance challenges and opportunities for the continuous development of a green economy in the future. The Task Force members were encouraged to think big and think bold. They were asked to be innovative in their ideas, and maybe even a little irreverent and provocative. They were charged specifically NOT to come to consensus about specific recommendations, but to present a variety and diversity of views. This report presents their thoughts and ideas

Linguistics

Contains table of contents for Section 4, an introduction and abstracts for three doctoral dissertations

Shining a light on fossil fuel subsidies at the WTO: how NGOs can contribute to WTO notification and surveillance

Fossil fuel subsidies undermine efforts to mitigate climate change, and they damage the trading system. Multilateral discussion is hampered by inconsistent definitions and incomplete data, which could increase the risks of WTO disputes. Members do not notify such subsidies as much as they should under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM), which limits the usefulness of the SCM Committee. The reports of the Trade Policy Review Mechanism on individual countries and on the trading system draw on a wider range of sources, creating an opportunity for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to provide the missing data from publicly available sources. We suggest a new template that could be used for such third-party notifications. The objective is to shine a light on all fossil fuel subsidies that cause market distortions, especially trade distortions. The result should be better, more comparable data for the Secretariat, governments, and researchers, providing the basis for better-informed discussion of the incidence of fossil fuel subsidies and rationale for their us

Translational Medicine Guide transforms drug development processes: the recent Merck experience.

Merck is implementing a question-based Translational Medicine Guide (TxM Guide) beginning as early as lead optimization into its stage-gate drug development process. Initial experiences with the TxM Guide, which is embedded into an integrated development plan tailored to each development program, demonstrated opportunities to improve target understanding, dose setting (i.e., therapeutic index), and patient subpopulation selection with more robust and relevant early human-based evidence, and increased use of biomarkers and simulations. The TxM Guide is also helping improve organizational learning, costs, and governance. It has also shown the need for stronger external resources for validating biomarkers, demonstrating clinical utility, tracking natural disease history, and biobanking

Land resources opportunities for a growing prosperity in the Sahel

The negative image of the Sahel is a stranglehold on the great potential for development in the region. A more balanced narrative can trigger action for a productive Sahel and can be based on innovative approaches and a conducive policy environment to value natural resources. Despite a rich set of information, the potential of the Sahel is still not flagged with sound knowledge that can be opposed to the conspicuous depressed perception. Positive transformation pathways require many improvements in the governance, finance and equity issues with a particular reference to the youth and women. The Sahel can sustain its sustainable development if transformation occurs in natural resources management. The paper analyses: i) the opportunities related to natural resources; ii) the potential and challenges for deep rapid transformation based on sound resources management practices; iv) areas for job creation and livelihood protection; and v) new models for financing these developments.Rockefeller Foundationhttp://www.journals.elsevier.com/current-opinion-in-environmental-sustainabilitypm2021Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Developmen

Prospectus, February 24, 1982

SCHEDULE CONFLICT CANCELS PARKLAND APPEARANCE: SECRETARY OF STATE JIM EDGAR OFFERS VIEWS ON PROBLEMS AND D.W.I. LAW CHANGES; News In Brief; New D.W.I. law explained in detail; Heavy snows cost college $27,500 for salt, help; Letters To The Editor: New vice-president voices opinons, Dean says thanks, Student Government; StuGo votes yes on TV; State police design PFR program; Ripley receives Yaxley award; P.C. Happenings...: Exhibit features sculptures, Camerata to perform concert, Panel discusses adoption, Learn to handle stress, Pick up first aid cards, PACT presents \u27Coping with Miscarriage\u27; Smile, children!: S.A.D.H.A. to celebrate dental health with activities; Counseling Center provides help; Need help with tax returns?; 41 schools display artwork in show; Crabs need love, too; Pittsburgh comes to Champaign; Pat Larson: buoyant leader; Melting show causes erosion; I wish I may, I wish I might...: Students view starry sky; Disabled people no longer shut off from using PLATO; Irving\u27s latest: rehash of \u27Garp\u27; ODW doesn\u27t fulfill crowd expectation; Classifieds; Speaker to discuss diagnosing; Oscar contender a \u27no-miss\u27 movie; Now\u27s your chance to pick film favorites; Tom Jones to perform in March; Jam trio\u27s latest has more meaning; Ozzy tickets refunded; Cobras end season with another win; Lady Cobras undefeated, rolling on trail of successhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1982/1027/thumbnail.jp

Computational neuroanatomy: ontology-based representation of neural components and connectivity

Background: A critical challenge in neuroscience is organizing, managing, and accessing the explosion in neuroscientific knowledge, particularly anatomic knowledge. We believe that explicit knowledge-based approaches to make neuroscientific knowledge computationally accessible will be helpful in tackling this challenge and will enable a variety of applications exploiting this knowledge, such as surgical planning. Results: We developed ontology-based models of neuroanatomy to enable symbolic lookup, logical inference and mathematical modeling of neural systems. We built a prototype model of the motor system that integrates descriptive anatomic and qualitative functional neuroanatomical knowledge. In addition to modeling normal neuroanatomy, our approach provides an explicit representation of abnormal neural connectivity in disease states, such as common movement disorders. The ontology-based representation encodes both structural and functional aspects of neuroanatomy. The ontology-based models can be evaluated computationally, enabling development of automated computer reasoning applications. Conclusion: Neuroanatomical knowledge can be represented in machine-accessible format using ontologies. Computational neuroanatomical approaches such as described in this work could become a key tool in translational informatics, leading to decision support applications that inform and guide surgical planning and personalized care for neurological disease in the future

Long-Term Follow-Up of a Phase I/II Trial of Dose Escalating Three-Dimensional Conformal Thoracic Radiation Therapy with Induction and Concurrent Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Unresectable Stage IIIA/B Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

BACKGROUND: We conducted a modified phase I/II trial investigating the incorporation of three-dimensional conformal thoracic radiation therapy (TCRT) into the treatment paradigm of induction and concurrent carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with unresectable stage IIIA/B non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: Patients received 2 cycles of induction carboplatin (area under the curve of 6) and paclitaxel (225 mg/m) on days 1, and 22. On day 43 concurrent TCRT and weekly x6 of carboplatin (area under the curve = 2) and paclitaxel (45 mg/m) was initiated. The TCRT dose was escalated from 60 to 74 Gy in 4 cohorts (60, 66, 70, and 74 Gy), and the 74 Gy cohort was expanded into a phase II trial. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients were enrolled; the median age 57 years (range, 36-82), 39 were male (63%), 61 (98%) had a performance status of 0 or 1, 28 (45%) had stage IIIA disease, 21 (34%) had >5% weight loss, and the median forced expiratory volume 1 = 2.10 liters (range, 1.02-3.75). With a median follow-up for survivors of approximately 9 years (range, 7-11 years) the median progression-free survival, time to tumor progression, and overall survival (OS) (with 95% confidence intervals) were 10 (8.5-17), 15 (9-50), and 25 months (18-37), respectively. The 5-year progression-free survival and OS rates were 21% (12-32%) and 27% (17-39%), respectively. The 10-year OS rate was 14% (7-25%). CONCLUSION: The long term survival rate compares favorably to other treatment approaches for stage III non-small cell lung cancer